Abstract

With EPA saying 30% of greenhouse gas emissions come from typical industry, manufacturing is considered one of the contributors to climate change. The increasing demand to integrate sustainability principles into engineering and technology research is a response to environmental challenges and future jobs skillset. This research emphasizes the central role of engineers in shaping the future of industries, highlighting the need to integrate sustainability into research and business, particularly in manufacturing engineering and technology. From environmentally friendly designs to optimizing production processes and leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies, sustainability principles integration is seen as key to reshaping the future of manufacturing. The approach of this work focuses on a research-based approach to experimentally test the impact of main operational conditions on Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) production in turning manufacturing processes. Three critical factors—rotational speed, feed rate, and lubrication—are examined for their influence on CO₂. The work used a lathe machine and a set of three sensors strategically placed around the machine along with tools and workpiece samples. Full factorial design of experimentation is used to rigorously test and analyze the relationships between the factors and response function of CO₂ production. The results reveal significant main effects for the factors as follows: lubrication, rotational speed, and feed rate, along with interaction effects. Lowering rotational speed and high feed rate decrease CO₂ production supporting the hypothesis. Surprisingly, within-oil lubrication decreases CO₂ production, not as expected. Interaction effects emphasize the additive and subtractive influences of the factors on CO₂ production. While the full factorial design of experimentation applied allows for comprehensive factor effects analysis, it acknowledges limitations in the specifically selected levels for machine rotational speed and tool feed rate. The research provides valuable insights into the impact of various operational conditions on CO₂ production in material removal manufacturing processes. Main and interaction effects contribute to the knowledge in sustainability manufacturing. The study paves the way for further investigations on optimal experimental conditions.