Circular Economy (CE) has emerged as a strategic approach to address resource scarcity, climate change, and waste issues by transforming linear business models into circular ones. However, despite the global development of disclosure standards such as the Global Circularity Protocol (GCP), the financial implications of CE—particularly the relationship between risks/opportunities and cost/revenue structures—remain insufficiently understood. This study proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the financial structure of CE business models. Drawing on a scoping review assisted by a Large Language Model (LLM), we systematically examine existing literature related to CE and its cost implications. Our review identifies four key components of CE-related financial structure: (1) existing cost reduction through efficiency and material reuse, (2) additional costs such as design, reverse logistics, and compliance, (3) traditional revenue from products, and (4) new revenue streams driven by service-based or enabling businesses. We further illustrate how this framework can be applied to compare industrial strategies and policies by mapping specific cost items and financial impacts across the value chain. Our findings provide a foundation for evaluating CE strategies from a management accounting perspective, supporting both academic inquiry and practical decision-making in sustainability transitions. Future research will incorporate corporate interviews to assess the framework’s applicability in real-world business contexts.