The agriculture and food production are major contributions from the rural sector to a nation’s economy and social well-being. In most developing countries, the exportation of these commodities has generated economic growth and infrastructure changes. Brazil, for instance, has been self-sufficient in food production for the past several decades. Nonetheless, growing sustainability challenges within the food supply chain, regarding wastage and security, have become paramount issues for food industry stakeholders, requiring innovative capacity building through unique supply chain strategies and policies. The study aims to explore opportunities for rural development through a sustainable food supply chain, which deploys new technologies to support required infrastructure and capacity building. A systematic review of literature was conducted to uncover current sustainability challenges in the food supply chains of developing countries. The main outcome of the study will be a proposal for a conceptual model, which can be used by policy makers and local food industries to address these challenges.