In this paper, blood supply chain management has been considered for critical conditions. The supply chain problem considered the unique features of blood such as its perishability, availability only from human resources, limited supply of blood for transfusion treatments and uncertainty. To solve this problem, a mixed integer programming model (MIP) was developed with the aim of minimizing costs incurred by shortage and wastage. The proposed model was solved by the optimization software GAMS and finally, to demonstrate effectiveness of the model, numerical samples were presented according to information received from the Tehran Blood Transfusion Center to determine accuracy and efficiency of the model. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted on key parameters of the model (risk of damage to hospitals, demand and capacity) that analyze the factors applied to the model. Given that the optimum value of the model was taken as a balance between shortage cost and waste cost (by adding two units to the blood center capacity, results showed that supply chain cost was reduced by 45%), taking into account the existing problems in the area, consistent with the real world, this model investigated the planning and management of a blood supply chain in critical conditions by determining how to meet the hospital’s needs.