This study presents a model for the optimization design of an economic exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart based on random process shifts in the process mean. The optimization model aims to minimize the total expected cost involved with the charting scheme. The optimization process ensures that the false alarm rate of the charting scheme will not be increased, and no extra inspection resources will be required. The performance of the proposed optimal economic EWMA chart is compared with that of the traditional economic Xbar chart, optimal economic Xbar chart, and traditional economic EWMA chart. The results reveal that the total expected cost can be reduced by the optimal economic EWMA chart compared to the other three charts by about 109%, 23%, and 95%, respectively.