The pursuit of lighter materials has driven innovations across various industrial sectors, including aerospace, automotive, and naval, aiming for greater structural efficiency and improved mechanical performance. Aluminum alloys are widely studied for their fatigue behavior, especially in applications requiring both lightness and strength. Processes such as thermal and mechanical treatments, including shot peening, are employed to enhance the durability and performance of these materials under cyclic loading. This study investigates the fatigue behavior of the AA5050 alloy after shot peening treatment, using two types of shot media (AC 30 and AC 50). For this purpose, 20 specimens were manufactured using the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process, followed by microstructural characterization through optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization included microhardness, residual stress, and fatigue tests, with the determination of the Wöhler curve.The results demonstrated that the shot peening treatment increased the fatigue resistance of the AA5050 alloy and improved its microhardness values.