Kuwait’s oil supply chain is a critical pillar of the country’s economy, yet it faces significant challenges due to fluctuating market demand, geopolitical risks, and environmental regulations. This study aims to enhance the resilience of Kuwait’s oil supply chain by developing a Linear Programming (LP) model that optimizes crude oil extraction, transportation, refining, inventory management, and market distribution while incorporating disruptions such as shipping delays and refinery constraints. The model integrates key cost components, including crude oil procurement, desulfurization processing, inventory holding, and penalties for unfulfilled demand. Scenario analyses are conducted to evaluate the system’s response to supply chain disruptions, including reduced shipping capacities and extreme weather events. Results indicate that while the supply chain demonstrates resilience in fulfilling demand, disruptions lead to increased costs and inventory fluctuations. Findings suggest that improving storage capacities, diversifying crude oil sources, and enhancing predictive scheduling can further strengthen resilience. This study provides a structured approach for policymakers and industry stakeholders to mitigate risks and ensure the long-term sustainability of Kuwait’s oil supply chain.