This study examines the interrelationships between eco-innovation, knowledge management, government support, and operations performance in the Vietnamese aviation industry. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) and knowledge-based view (KBV), the researchers surveyed 164 managers from the Ho Chi Minh Cadre Academy and Airports Corporation of Vietnam. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings reveal that both eco-process innovation and eco-organizational innovation have a direct, positive impact on the operations performance. Crucially, the results elucidate the mediating role of knowledge management practices in the relationships between green innovation, government support, and organizational performance. Specifically, the data analysis indicates that knowledge management mediates the link between eco-innovation and operations performance, as well as the association between government support and operations performance. This suggests that organizations can strategically leverage their green innovation efforts and government-provided support to develop and apply effective knowledge management capabilities, which then translate into enhanced operational outcomes. By integrating the RBV and KBV perspectives, this study contributes to the literature by providing a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms through which eco-innovations, facilitated by government initiatives, can drive sustainable organizational performance. The findings offer valuable theoretical and practical implications, highlighting the importance of prioritizing eco-process innovation practices and knowledge management to enhance the environmental and operational performance of organizations.