Abstract

The world has stepped into a new era, an era of information and revolutionary technologies. The fourth industrial revolution, as it is better known, is affecting mankind's way of life in terms of communication, work, and learning systems. Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are game-changing technologies offering virtual activities with real-world experiences. The two complementary technologies have become promising tools in education as they contribute better to Education 4.0. Education is an enabler and is regarded as a critical component in the uplifting of lives the world over. There is a great need for changes and reforms to improve the quality of education effectively. This paper aims to explore the factors that influence the adoption of VR and AR in education. A systematic review was conducted by searching four databases namely IEEE, Springer, Scopus and ScienceDirect for articles published from 2020 to 2024. Nineteen (19) articles met the final inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that the most influential factors influencing the adoption of VR and AR immersion, are perceived ease of use, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy, while the opportunities presented are collaboration, immersion learning, increased creativity and innovation, and remote learning. Drawing from these findings, this study developed a conceptual framework that can act as a guide for educational practitioners, school heads, and education policymakers when adopting these transformative technologies.