Agriculture in Panama is a strategic sector for food security, although its productivity is affected by climatic factors such as rainfall, droughts, and floods. However, the influence of wind on crops, particularly maize, has received little attention and lacks systematized information. This study aims to analyze the relationship between wind speed and maize yield in the lowland areas of the Azuero region, Panama, based on historical data from the last eight years. Meteorological records from the Instituto de Meteorología e Hidrología de Panamá and production series from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo were used. The methodological approach included Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, scatter plots, and time series models (Prophet and ARIMA) to forecast wind speed for the 2025–2027 period. The results show a stable seasonal pattern, with wind values ranging from 0.5 to 4 m/s, not reaching the critical threshold of 7 m/s that could negatively affect crop development. These findings indicate that wind is not a direct risk factor for maize production in the region in the short term, although its potential intensification under climate change scenarios should be considered. This study provides a reproducible baseline for agricultural planning and for the design of future multivariate analyses in the area.

Keywords

Agricultural production, maize, regression, time series analysis, wind speed.