This study develops an integrated Berth Allocation, Crane Assignment, and Scheduling Problem with preventive quay crane maintenance and port-call CO₂ emission considerations. The proposed BACASP formulation coordinates vessel berthing decisions, crane-group assignment, service timing, and preventive maintenance within a single Mixed Integer Linear Programming framework. The objective minimizes emissions associated with vessel waiting and post-service delay, while penalizing incomplete maintenance and throughput shortfalls. To improve computational tractability, the model is solved through a rolling-horizon procedure. The framework is applied to three Panamanian terminals that represent different physical layout types, from highly rectangular to irregular mixed configurations. Input instances are generated from Automatic Identification System data for vessel calls, combined with estimated cargo volumes, berth and crane characteristics, and auxiliary-engine emission factors. The results indicate that terminal layout and berth-specific physical constraints affect both delay patterns and crane-use decisions. Across the three cases, waiting emissions account for a larger share of total emissions than post-service delay, suggesting that pre-berthing congestion is an important source of environmental impact. The optimal schedules also suggest four operational tendencies: service orders closely follow vessel arrivals, crane allocation increases with cargo volume, maintenance timing depends on congestion levels, and saturated terminals tend to operate with limited flexibility in maintenance intensity. The findings indicate that physical infrastructure constraints, particularly berth depth and layout irregularity, should be considered when deriving terminal-specific scheduling policies.

Keywords

Berth allocation, Quay crane assignment, Maintenance scheduling, AIS and Port emissions.