Jordanian manufacturing is facing an increasingly high level of pressure to reduce environmental damage and implement more sustainable processes of production. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a very popular method used to assess the environmental hazards that come with products and processes across their life cycle. This research applies a gate-to-gate LCA to evaluate the environmental performance of liquid laundry detergent production in Jordan. The evaluation looks at the mixing, filling, and packaging stages of the system using a functional unit of 1 kg of liquid detergent produced. Primary data were gathered from a local detergent manufacturing facility using site visits and questionnaires, and secondary data were found from literature sources and life cycle inventory databases. Midpoint indicators like Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Marine Ecotoxicity (MET), as well as Eutrophication Potential (EP) were used to assess environmental impacts. The results show that the packaging stage is the main contributor to the environmental assessed impacts as carton board packaging corresponds to the highest source of impacts across all categories. The HDPE bottle emerged as the second most significant contributor, and electricity consumption and water use had relatively smaller impacts in the selected system boundary. Based on the results, there were identified some improvement options such as reducing the packaging material, increased use of recyclable materials, improved energy efficiency, followed by improving the waste management procedures. The study stresses the importance of packaging optimization in minimizing the environmental impact of detergent production. Future research should extend the system boundary to take a cradle-to-grave view as well as provide Jordan-specific inventory information improving the reliability and completeness of these results.

Keywords

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Sustainable Manufacturing, Environmental Impact Assessment, Production Optimization.