The twin transformation, the simultaneous pursuit of digital and sustainable transformation, poses significant challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), yet structured approaches to prioritizing its critical success factors remain scarce, particularly in non-Western contexts. This study identifies and prioritizes nine critical success factors for twin transformation in Turkish SMEs, where SMEs constitute 99.7% of all enterprises. Factors were derived through a systematic literature review and Delphi-based expert consultation, then weighted using the Best-Worst Method (BWM) with three domain experts whose profiles span academic research, private sector experience, and sustainability consultancy. Results reveal a stratified priority structure in which Strategic Leadership and Management, Human Resources and Competencies, and Financial Resources and Investment Capacity emerge as the three most critical factors, collectively accounting for 46% of total weight, while Performance Management and Measurement and External Environment and Ecosystem received the lowest weights. The findings offer evidence-based guidance for SME managers, policymakers, and business support organizations navigating the twin transformation in resource-constrained environments.

Keywords

Twin Transformation, Digital Transformation, Sustainability, SMEs, Best-Worst Method.