Sustainable modular product design requires effective decision support for end-of-life (EOL) strategies, where earlystage evaluations are often affected by uncertainty and imprecise data. This study proposes a Fuzzy Axiomatic Design (FAD) framework to support the selection of EOL alternatives for components in a modular dishwasher component. Functional requirements (FRs) are established across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Furthermore, the uncertainty in performance assessment is addressed using linguistic variables represented by triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). Evaluation data are classified into qualitative levels and converted into fuzzy values, which are then aggregated to estimate system performance for multiple EOL options, including reuse, remanufacturing, recycling, incineration, and landfill. The Information Axiom is extended using fuzzy set theory to calculate fuzzy information content based on the overlap between system performance and a predefined design range. The alternative with the minimum information content is selected as the most suitable option. The case study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed framework and enables systematic ranking of EOL strategies for a dishwasher, with results indicating that the approach effectively incorporates uncertainty into sustainability decision-making in modular product design.

Keywords

Fuzzy Axiomatic Design, Sustainability, Decision Making, Uncertainty