A microgrid is a localized energy system capable of operating independently from the main electricity grid while integrating distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies. University campuses represent complex energy environments with diverse electricity demand across academic buildings, laboratories, and residential facilities. Rising electricity costs and sustainability goals have increased interest in renewable energy solutions for institutional campuses. This paper reviews technological and analytical frameworks for the design and modelling of a campus-scale renewable energy microgrid. The study synthesizes research on distributed energy resources, hybrid microgrid architectures, energy storage technologies, and techno-economic modelling approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on solar photovoltaic systems due to Kenya’s high solar irradiation potential. Literature from campus microgrid implementations and renewable energy feasibility studies is analyzed to establish a modelling framework applicable to the University of Nairobi campus. The findings indicate that hybrid photovoltaic–battery microgrids represent a viable configuration for institutional energy systems in regions with high solar resources. The review provides a conceptual foundation for the future design and simulation of a renewable energy microgrid for the University of Nairobi.