Wastewater treatment plants are traditionally considered energy-intensive facilities; however, wastewater contains recoverable energy in chemical, thermal, and hydraulic forms. In pond-based treatment systems such as waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), methane produced during anaerobic decomposition of organic matter is typically released into the atmosphere, leading to both energy loss and greenhouse gas emissions.
This study develops an optimized energy harvesting framework for a wastewater treatment plant utilizing waste stabilization ponds. The research evaluates available energy streams within the system, with emphasis on biogas recovery from anaerobic processes. A performance assessment of the plant is conducted through analysis of influent characteristics, organic loading rates, treatment efficiencies, and operational energy demand.
Biochemical and stoichiometric modeling techniques are applied to estimate methane generation potential and the corresponding electrical energy recovery. Multi-objective optimization is used to balance energy recovery, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability, considering indicators such as energy intensity (kWh/m³), greenhouse gas reduction potential, and operational cost savings.
The results indicate that waste stabilization pond systems possess significant energy recovery potential that can partially offset plant energy consumption while reducing methane emissions, supporting the transition toward resource-recovery and circular economy-based wastewater management.