Power grid infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to aging assets, growing electricity demand, climate-related extreme weather events, and interconnected infrastructure dependencies. This study applies network science methods to evaluate the robustness and resilience of the power grid infrastructure serving the five boroughs of the New York City metropolitan region under extreme storm threats, including Hurricane Sandy. Network analytical models were developed to assess connectivity, centrality, and robustness behavior of critical transmission substations and distribution infrastructure under simulated node failure conditions. The analysis compares steady-state network performance against storm-induced infrastructure disruptions based on nodes impacted during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. Robustness and connectivity measures were evaluated under multiple attack strategies, including degree, closeness, betweenness, and random node removal simulations. The study further evaluates resilience-oriented infrastructure enhancements through the introduction of distributed energy resources, including renewable energy nodes, energy storage systems, and combined heat and power (CHP) assets. Results demonstrate that the power grid exhibits strong dependence on critical transmission and substation infrastructure, where limited node failures can significantly reduce network connectivity and increase cascading vulnerability. The inclusion of distributed and independent energy assets improved robustness measures and reduced network degradation under simulated storm disruptions. The study also highlights interdependencies between the electric grid and supporting infrastructure systems, including gas pipelines, transportation tunnels, hospitals, and commercial districts.
Power Grid Robustness and Infrastructure Resilience Under Extreme Storm Threats Using Network Science
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