In Ghana, the municipal solid waste (MSW) management system faces increasing pressure due to rapid urbanization, infrastructure deficits and persistent operational inefficiencies. Although Waste-to-Energy (WtE) presents a viable roadmap for sustainable MSW management and renewable energy generation, inconsistent feedstock supply, weak collection logistics and limited coordination among stakeholders constrain its performance.With a focus on improving collection efficiency, resource recovery and institutional alignment, the study develops a conceptual operations-based framework for optimizing WtE feedstock logistics in Ghana. The paper identifies key gaps in MSW management in Ghana which include, collection inefficiencies, feedstock quality management and policy implementation through the structured synthesis of recent literature. The proposed framework integrates four interrelated components, namely, governance and policy alignment, MSW collection and transportation systems, resource recovery and feedstock management and stakeholder engagement, including the structured inclusion of the informal sector.This framework adopts a closed-loop perspective in which improvements in MSW collection and segregation directly enhance the reliability and quality of feedstock supplied to WtE facilities. A proof-of-concept application demonstrates the potential for increased collection coverage, improved logistics efficiency and enhanced energy recovery outcomes by using data from the Greater Accra region.The study contributes to the fields of industrial engineering and operations management and gives practical insight for policymakers who seek to transition from linear waste disposal systems to a circular resource recovery model.

Keywords

MSW Management, Waste-to-Energy, Informal Sector Integration, Circular Economy, Policy Framework