The transition to electric mobility is an important strategy in the global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy efficiency. This study explores the critical role of integrating electric mobility systems with power grids for sustainable transport and environment. The study analyses key challenges the smart grid capabilities and features like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions in supporting electromobility. findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary solutions that align technological innovation with policy measures to build a resilient and sustainable transport-energy nexus. They are revolutionizing the EV industry in many ways like is making EV ownership more affordable and efficient, while at the same time open opportunities for electric vehicles The Smart grid is the direction and trend of power industry development based on the physical grid that combines advanced information & communication technology with operation technology to the traditional grid. Smart grids link power generation, transmission, system transformation, power distribution, electricity consumption and dispatch in two-way participatory manner by coordinating the needs and functions of different participants in the grid environment enabling the system to operate with higher reliability and system stability. Smart grids facilitate the optimization of the electricity mix consisting of both renewable and nonrenewable sources by application of computer programs and hardware to manage power generation, transmission, and distribution resources. The smart grid technology is a product of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) which is important to achieve fastest technological reformations in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution (T&D) because of growing application of computers, sensors, sensors, and communications. In this study, the use of smart grids in electrification of transport and related products and services including vehicle to gris (V2G), G2G are presented. By plugging abilities and Thing (IoT), Smart grids can optimize energy solutions through flexibility in the management of the diverse energy systems, enhance operational insights, improve maintenance forecasting and self-healing abilities, and create a more secure and safe power system. Smart grids enable power utilities and grid operators to effectively monitor the electricity usage of electric vehicles in real-time, which makes it easier to balance the load on the grid and reduce peak demand and provide an opportunity to optimize the charging of electric vehicles. Smart Grid technology is revolutionizing the electric vehicle industry by making EV ownership more affordable and efficient and opens new opportunities for EV drivers and will thus clearly continue to revolutionize the EV industry in the years to come. The study recommends conversion of the traditional grid to smart grids as a technical solution with significant financial/economic, social, and environmental benefits in the sustainable energy transition. To realize this, it is necessary to build the institutional capacity and put in place policy measures that promote the development of smart grids this like micro grids, modern energy storage, decentralized generation and development of renewable energy resources and technologies.
Keywords
Smart grids; grid optimization; smart grid technology; Internet of Things; smart grid architecture; industry 4.0; sustainable energy; renewable energy; non-renewable energy; energy transition.