This study examines the factors influencing road safety compliance among motorcycle delivery riders in Metro Manila using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). With the rapid growth of e-commerce and delivery services following the COVID-19 pandemic, motorcycle-related accidents have increased significantly, highlighting the urgent need to understand compliance behavior. Using a modified Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), data were collected from 150 delivery riders across various platforms including Grab, Foodpanda, and Lalamove. The analysis identified five significant latent variables affecting compliance: Cultural Conditions (β = 0.521, p < 0.001), Situational Factors (β = 0.209, p = 0.003), Road and Traffic Conditions (β = 0.207, p = 0.004), Legal and Regulatory Framework (β = 0.166, p = 0.016), and Job/Work Pressure (β = 0.129, p = 0.049). Demographic variables including age, gender, platform, experience, schedule, working hours, and type of goods delivered showed no statistical significance. The final model explained 88% of variance in compliance behavior (R² = 0.88). Cultural conditions emerged as the strongest predictor, emphasizing the role of workplace norms and societal expectations. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for delivery companies, policymakers, and stakeholders to enhance rider safety through targeted interventions addressing cultural, environmental, and regulatory dimensions.

Keywords

Motorcycle Delivery Riders, Road Safety Compliance, Structural Equation Modeling, Metro Manila