This study presents a comprehensive assessment of sustainability and cost-effectiveness of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Western Cape, South Africa, utilising an empirical case study approach. Through mixed-methods analysis of survey data from 80 respondents across households, manufacturing facilities, and educational institutions, this research evaluates the triple-bottom-line performance of solar PV deployments. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and correlation techniques reveals that solar PV systems demonstrate superior environmental sustainability performance (F=231.789, p<0.05) and favourable long-term cost-effectiveness (F=123.918, p<0.05) compared to conventional grid electricity. Strong positive correlations were established between system adoption and environmental benefits (r=0.961), economic viability (r=0.958), and operational sustainability (r=0.916). The assessment indicates that while upfront costs remain a barrier, lifecycle cost analysis demonstrates significant economic advantages alongside reduced carbon footprints. This case study provides operations management insights for optimising renewable energy systems in developing region contexts, offering evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and industrial engineers to enhance energy sustainability through improved PV system deployment strategies.

Keywords

Solar PV Systems, Sustainability Assessment, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Case Study, Operations Management