This study examines the operational sustainability of Perumda (PDAM) Tirta Pakuan, a drinking water utility in Bogor City, through integrated environmental, economic, and social dimensions. This study aims to analyze the operational system of PDAM Tirta Pakuan through an integrated sustainability framework that includes environmental, economic, and social dimensions. This analysis is based on comprehensive valuation data conducted by Pakuan University and PDAM Tirta Pakuan, integrated with international literature on sustainable water management best practices. Serving approximately 1.2 million residents in an area of 118.5 km², this utility faces critical challenges in achieving universal coverage, operational efficiency, and financial sustainability. Analysis of current operations shows a service coverage of 62% with 24-hour continuous supply, Non-Revenue Water (NRW) of 32%, and water quality compliance exceeding 95%. This study integrates institutional assessment data with international best practices in sustainable water management, assessing production capacity (1,850 L/s from surface and groundwater sources), distribution infrastructure (1,200 km network), and operational performance. Key findings indicate that while PDAM Tirta Pakuan demonstrates strong water quality management and contributes significantly to public health and economic development, gaps remain in infrastructure optimization, energy efficiency, and climate resilience. Recommendations prioritize the implementation of smart water technologies, improved asset management, water source diversification, and an integrated sustainability framework. This research provides empirical evidence on the transition of regional water utilities in developing countries toward sustainable operational models while balancing economic viability, environmental stewardship, and social equity.

Keywords

Sustainable Water Management, PDAM, Operational Efficiency, Water Distribution Systems, Indonesia