The joining of AISI 2205 duplex and AISI 321 austenitic stainless steels involves complex metallurgical hurdles due to significant disparities in thermal properties, chemical composition, and solidification mechanics. This review evaluates the efficacy of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, with a specific focus on the pulsed current technique as a strategic method for managing heat input and achieving a refined grain structure. The analysis explores the evolution of microstructures and the subsequent impact on mechanical integrity specifically tensile strength and hardness and corrosion resistance in these bimetallic joints. It highlights how critical factors such as welding parameters, filler metal selection, and post-weld heat treatments dictate the phase balance (austenite-ferrite ratio) and pitting resistance. By establishing a clear link between process optimization and enhanced joint performance, the review identifies current research gaps and proposes future advancements, including hybrid welding, advanced numerical modeling, and real-time in-situ monitoring to produce high-performance dissimilar stainless steel joints.
Keywords
Duplex Stainless Steel, Austenitic Stainless Steel, Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, Dissimilar Welding, Microstructure Evolutione