The healthcare sector contributes approximately 4.4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with projections suggesting these could triple by 2050 without decisive mitigation. In emerging economies, transitioning healthcare facilities to renewable energy is constrained by limited finance, inadequate infrastructure, and the absence of appraisal tools that capture economic and social returns. Conventional cost-benefit analysis (CBA) inadequately captures the social, environmental, and health dimensions relevant to sustainable healthcare transitions in resource-constrained settings. This paper develops an SCBA framework for evaluating renewable energy transitions in Puskesmas, Indonesia, integrating established SCBA approaches with evidence from healthcare sustainability and energy transition research. The framework incorporates stakeholder engagement principles and adaptations for limited-resource contexts, enabling monetisation of financial, social, environmental, and health dimensions within a unified analytical structure. The principal contribution is a replicable SCBA method incorporating distributional equity and health service continuity, providing policymakers and health system planners in emerging economies with a structured, evidence-based appraisal tool. Subsequent work will refine the framework through detailed monetisation of its constituent components and validate it against Indonesian primary healthcare conditions, drawing on established approaches to wider economic benefits and externality quantification.

Keywords

Social Cost-Benefit Analysis, Healthcare Sustainability, Renewable Energy Transition, Puskesmas, Emerging Economies