Sustainability and climate change mitigation have become critical factors in modern business. Many countries have introduced trade barriers for carbon-intensive products, such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in the European Union. As a result, manufacturers must comply with these regulations to maintain their customer base, leading to rapid growth in carbon-reduction–related businesses. Electric trucks are one of the fastest-growing sectors. They can be used to claim carbon-reduction benefits. In Thailand, electric truck adoption has increased rapidly. By April 2025, 963 electric trucks were registered, representing a 125.96% increase compared to the same period in 2024 (Department of Land Transport).  A truck with a 280 kWh battery typically requires 30–50 minutes per charging session, depending on the remaining battery level. Reducing other sources of delay to ensure smooth operations is therefore a significant challenge. ABC Company currently faces waiting times exceeding its KPIs at the main operations hub. The site operates 14 chargers (10 charging points) and two battery-swap stations with an average swap time of 7 minutes. The main issue is an inefficient layout. Studying and applying world-class layout designs can significantly reduce waiting time (Figure 1).

Keywords

Electric Vehicle, Logistics Terminal Layout, Waiting Time, Swap Battery Station and Charging Station.