Indonesia’s Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) program is a major national initiative aimed at improving equitable access to nutritious food for school-aged children, yet its large-scale implementation faces persistent challenges, including fragmented supply chains, operational inefficiencies, reliance on external suppliers, and rising food waste. As sustainability expectations intensify globally, incorporating Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) and Circular Economy (CE) approaches has become increasingly relevant for strengthening the resilience and public value of school feeding systems. This study proposes a Circular Value Chain (CVC) framework for embedding circularity within the MBG program. A Systematic Literature Review of 48 peer-reviewed sources was conducted to synthesize insights from CE, SSCM, food system governance, digitalization, and developing-country contexts. Findings indicate that transitioning MBG toward circularity requires integrated sourcing strategies, improved multi-level coordination, behavioral change in consumption practices, and the adoption of digital tools for visibility and efficiency. The proposed CVC encompasses four components: circular sourcing, circular production and distribution, circular consumption, and circular post-consumption loops. Conceptually, the framework offers a new perspective for redesigning public food systems, while, practically, it provides policymakers with a strategic pathway to reduce waste, strengthen local participation, and enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of the MBG program.

Keywords

Circular Value Chain, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Circular Economy, School Feeding Program, Public Value