Energy drives development and underpins sustainable economies. Africa stands at the crossroad and is at a critical time in its energy transition as it grapples with the need to expand access to reliable power while aiming to achieve environmental sustainability. In Africa over 600 million people do not have access to reliable energy and energy poverty is prevalent. This paper discusses current developments, strategies, policies, and technologies driving sustainability in Africa’s energy sector. Drawing on recent studies, regional reports, and case analysis, it explores the progress and challenges in integrating renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal into national energy mixes. The paper examines barriers to sustainability in the energy sector and proposes viable pathways for a just and inclusive energy transition in Africa. The critical role that energy plays in development makes urgent the need for a just energy transition. Finally, the paper underscores the potential for Africa to advance to a more sustainable and low-carbon future by drawing upon its abundant renewable resources and emerging green technologies. Sustainable development in Africa will be driven by an energy sector that takes into consideration the specific and unique nuances of the continent in an increasingly globalised world.