This research presents the development of a passive, photo-thermochromic smart coating designed to improve driver safety and thermal comfort in vehicles. The system uses a multilayer structure consisting of W-doped vanadium dioxide (
) sandwiched between two titanium dioxide (
) layers. The
layer provides thermochromic behavior, transitioning from transparent to reflective when surface temperatures rise due to sunlight. Tungsten doping lowers the transition temperature to around 35-40 °C, making it suitable for the high-temperature conditions found in Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, the
layers enhance visible light transmission and add photoactivation under ultraviolet and near-infrared radiation, helping the system respond primarily to solar intensity rather than ambient heat alone. This approach ensures a gradual tint during bright daylight while maintaining full clarity at night. Simulation and visual analysis show that the coating effectively blocks solar heat and glare without external power or control systems. The proposed solution is well-aligned with automotive safety needs in hot climates and contributes to passive energy-saving technologies. It offers a simple yet innovative way to improve driving visibility and interior comfort using smart material science principles.
Published in: 3rd GCC International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Publisher: IEOM Society International
Date of Conference: February 2
-4
, 2026
ISBN: 979-8-3507-6175-7
ISSN/E-ISSN: 2169-8767