This study examines the impact of trade policies on global supply chains and their implications for economic inequality. In the first part of the paper, we analyze existing literature on globalization, trade agreements, tariffs, and non-tariff measures. Theoretical insights build a strong foundation for further quantitative research. The second part of the paper draws data from two major economies – the United States, and the European Union. By analyzing major trade policies between these two partners, we assess their impact on supply chain and bilateral trade in goods. And by analyzing the correlation between trade growth rates and GDP per capita growth rates, we identify significant linkage between trade performance and distribution of economic outcomes. 

In this study we combine theoretical knowledge with empirical approach to assess the role of different trade policies on supply chain and nations wealth. The findings indicate that while trade liberalization improves supply chain efficiency, achieving equitable economic outcomes requires policy interventions that expand access to opportunities, strengthen infrastructure, and promote fairer distribution of benefits. The paper concludes with predictions of trade for upcoming years, and policy recommendations for balancing efficiency and equitable growth.