The transition to electric bus infrastructure represents a significant advancement in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable urban mobility. However, the development and operation of this infrastructure face various technical, economic, environmental, and social risks. This study aims to identify, analyze, and evaluate risk assessment methodologies employed in this context through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. We reviewed 22 selected studies published between 2015 and 2025, categorizing the risk assessment approaches into several groups, including probabilistic simulation (e.g., Monte Carlo), Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), fuzzy logic, Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM), integrated Risk Assessment Framework (RAF), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Our findings indicate that the majority of studies focused primarily on technical and financial risks, while social and environmental dimensions received comparatively less attention. Furthermore, several general limitations were identified, such as the lack of geographical diversity in studies, insufficient emphasis on cybersecurity, and the absence of practical testing. This study concludes that the development of a more comprehensive, adaptive, and interdisciplinary risk assessment model is urgently needed to facilitate the implementation of safe, resilient, and sustainable electric bus infrastructure on a global scale.