Transparency, traceability, and sustainability have emerged as critical pillars in addressing the growing complexity of global supply chains. With its decentralized and immutable ledger system, blockchain technology offers a promising solution to these challenges. This study presents a systematic literature review of sixteen (16) peer-reviewed journals using the PRISMA methodology to examine the potential benefits of blockchain implementation within supply chain systems. The findings reveal that current applications largely emphasize technical efficiency, while aspects such as regulatory compliance, social impact, and relevance to developing countries remain underexplored. This study highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach that integrates technical, social, and regulatory perspectives. It also identifies an opportunity to develop comprehensive evaluation frameworks aligned with global sustainability indicators such as the SDGs and ESG, paving the way for more inclusive and responsible supply chain systems.