This study investigates the dynamics of the Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) culture within the oil and gas industry. Despite considerable investments in HSE initiatives, gaps in leadership, employee involvement, and regulatory adherence continue to hinder achieving a robust safety culture. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, including interviews and cross- sectional surveys, this research identifies key factors influencing HSE culture, such as management commitment, communication, and worker engagement. Findings reveal the critical role of leadership and collaborative frameworks in enhancing safety compliance and participation. This study provides strategic recommendations for fostering a sustainable HSE culture, emphasizing continuous improvement and the integration of safety practices into organizational core values.