The global transition towards sustainable energy has elevated green hydrogen as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, with the potential to decarbonize critical sectors such as transportation, heavy industry, and energy storage. Green hydrogen, produced via electrolysis powered by renewable sources like solar and wind, emits no carbon, aligning with global climate goals. Oman, endowed with abundant solar and wind resources-particularly in regions like Thumrait, Marmul, and Dhofar-holds strategic potential for large-scale green hydrogen production. Although Oman Vision 2040 does not explicitly mention hydrogen, it emphasizes renewable energy and sustainability, making green hydrogen a compatible and transformative solution within the national agenda.
This paper explores the role of green hydrogen in supporting Oman's energy transition and its alignment with Vision 2040. It assesses technological options such as Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline Electrolysis (AEL), both of which are central to Oman’s hydrogen roadmap. While PEM is efficient and suitable for intermittent renewables, AEL offers cost-effectiveness and scalability. The study also examines the economic prospects of green hydrogen as a pathway for economic diversification, job creation, and global energy leadership. Environmentally, hydrogen use can significantly reduce emissions, though reliance on desalinated water remains a concern. The exploration of treated wastewater as an alternative feedstock is under review to ensure sustainability.
Socially, green hydrogen promises substantial co-benefits-enhancing rural energy access, fostering innovation, and developing human capital. With growing international demand, especially from Europe and Asia, Oman is well-positioned to become a clean hydrogen exporter. Through comprehensive analysis, this research highlights the technological feasibility, economic viability, and socio-environmental value of green hydrogen, advocating for its integration into Oman's sustainable development framework. The study provides policy recommendations to optimize hydrogen production and promote Oman as a global hub in the emerging hydrogen economy.