Oman’s dependence on desalination to meet freshwater demand poses sustainability challenges due to the high energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with conventional methods such as reverse osmosis. As a response, solar desalination technologies are emerging as viable, eco-friendly alternatives. Salinity Gradient Solar Ponds (SGSP) harness the natural salinity gradient within water layers to generate thermal energy, while Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems utilize focused solar radiation to achieve high temperatures for thermal desalination. Recent research highlights the potential of integrating SGSP and CSP technologies to improve energy efficiency and freshwater output. In this paper, we study the integration of SGSP and CSP systems to evaluate their combined potential for enhanced desalination performance and simultaneous electricity generation.

Solar desalination and power generation present a transformative opportunity for Oman to address critical challenges in water security, energy diversification, and environmental sustainability. By harnessing abundant solar energy, Oman can ensure a reliable freshwater supply, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Although initial investments may be higher, long-term cost savings and enhanced resilience to climate variability make it a financially viable solution. Furthermore, adopting these technologies positions Oman as a regional leader in renewable energy, fostering technological innovation, economic growth, and global competitiveness in the clean energy sector.