Regarding the contemporary logistics scenario, it is clear that it is important to analyze the efficiency and sustainability of the modes of transport used to export fruit in Brazil, and in this study, especially avocados. In general, the predominance of land transport, which is responsible for exporting approximately 75% of national production, stands out in relation to other modes, such as rail, water and air. The main objective of this study is to identify the most economical option and assess the environmental impacts associated with fruit transportation, as well as the methodology used that includes collecting and analyzing data on exports and logistics costs, using FlexSim software. The results show that road transport is more financially viable than other modes, however, it should be emphasized that the choice of modal should not be based solely on cost, but also on environmental impacts, in view of this, sustainable solutions must be found to mitigate environmental impacts, such as the adoption of electric trucks, to reduce and minimize the carbon’s emission and the environmental damage. These initiatives are in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12 and 13, which address responsible consumption and production and action against climate change. In this way, the efficiency of road transport in the export of avocados is made explicit by the validated data collected from FlexSim's results, but it highlights the need to balance between economic efficiency and environmental responsibility in the transport sector for agricultural products in Brazil.