Knowledge management, particularly the lessons learned (LL) process, is crucial yet challenging within project-based organizations, often hindered by the temporary nature of projects and cultural or structural barriers. The rise of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and digital transformation introduces new technological capabilities and operational dynamics, but its specific influence on the lessons learned process in project management lacks comprehensive investigation. This article addresses this gap through a systematic literature review aimed at understanding how I4.0 and digital transformation impact the LL process. Based on an analysis of 26 articles retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus databases, the study identifies nine primary influences of I4.0 on LL. These include enhanced data security and transparency (e.g., via Blockchain, cloud platforms), promotion of agile methods for continuous feedback (like retrospectives), the need for new project manager competencies (data analysis, decision-making skills), real-time project data management, advanced data analysis generating insights and decisions (using Big Data, BI, AI), improved data sharing and integration, integrated project management systems, and task automation. Twelve key enabling technologies supporting these influences were also identified. The findings indicate that data analysis/interpretation and real-time data management are the most frequently cited impacts. Despite these findings, the review confirms a significant research gap, with few studies specifically addressing the LL process within the I4.0 context. This research contributes by consolidating the main influences and technologies of I4.0 relevant to the LL process, offering practical insights for professionals and highlighting a novel area for theoretical development in project and knowledge management.