This systematic literature review presents the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in managing monkeypox, emphasizing the necessity of a conceptual framework to enhance disease surveillance, optimize resource allocation, and enable timely interventions. Real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated alert systems can significantly strengthen outbreak response strategies. However, despite the growing use of IoT in healthcare, a crucial gap exists in the availability of dedicated conceptual frameworks tailored specifically for managing monkeypox and similar infectious diseases. Existing research primarily focus on general IoT applications in healthcare and lacks a conceptual framework for guiding the intended users on what IoT technologies to choose from for the purpose of addressing the unique challenges of managing monkeypox during outbreaks. A conceptual framework is essential for an informed implementation of IoT for disease control and management. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) model, 597 articles were reviewed, with 24 selected articles included in the systematic literature review. The findings highlight an increased usage of wearable devices, mobile applications, and cloud-based systems in disease management. The research findings also demonstrate IoT’s transformative role in real-time data collection, patient monitoring, and community engagement. However, challenges such as geographic disparities, data privacy issues, and inconsistent technological adoption persist. This study underscores the pressing need for a structured IoT-based framework to bridge this gap in literature, for ensuring equitable and effective management of monkeypox and other infectious diseases through interdisciplinary collaboration, predictive modeling, and proactive public health strategies.

Keywords

Monkeypox, Internet of Things (IoT), Disease Management, Infectious Diseases, Real-Time Monitoring