This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with safety, security, and energy management in the context of autonomous vehicles. It begins by providing an overview of these key aspects and their significance in the domain of autonomous vehicles. A thorough literature review encompassing the current research in these areas was then conducted. Various studies, advancements, and approaches have been explored to address the complex concerns of ensuring autonomous vehicles' safety, security, and efficient energy management. This study delves into the barriers that impede progress in each domain and proposes potential solutions. Safety challenges include the development of robust collision-avoidance systems and emergency response mechanisms. Security challenges involve safeguarding against cyber threats and unauthorized access. Energy management challenges focus on optimizing the power usage and integrating renewable energy sources for sustainability. Opportunities within these domains have also been identified, such as advancements in sensor technologies and the implementation of intelligent energy management systems. Policy and regulatory priorities are outlined, highlighting the need to address data privacy, establish AI and machine learning usage guidelines, protect public infrastructure, manage workforce transitions, and address the impact of emerging technologies. This study offers valuable insights into the challenges, solutions, and policy considerations related to autonomous vehicles' safety, security, and energy management. The aim was to support the successful integration of autonomous vehicles into transportation systems by addressing critical aspects and ensuring their safe and sustainable adoption.