The use of electric motorcycle-battery swapping stations (EM-BSS) is one of the efforts to accelerate the adoption of electric motorcycles in Indonesia. The EM-BSS system can be viewed as a digital supply chain (DSC) that utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) technology to carry out system activities. The system certainly deals with the issue of supply chain operational vulnerability, which is a concern for supply chain practitioners today. A causal inference approach is used to estimate the supply chain operational vulnerability level. The first step in using the causal inference approach is to create a structural causal model based on the expert knowledge domain. Structural causal modeling started with identifying vulnerability indicators: consequences, drivers, and threat sources. The vulnerability indicator on the EM-BSS system obtained 12 vulnerability performance indicators as consequences, 21 vulnerability drivers, and four potential threat sources.
Vulnerability Indicators on The Operation of Electric Motorcycle - Battery Swapping Station
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