In today’s modern world radiation is utilized in medical, industrial and military sectors. X-rays and gamma radiation are both forms of electromagnetic radiation commonly used in laboratory settings. X-rays are produced by accelerating electrons and directing them onto a target material, while the decay of radioactive isotopes emits gamma radiation. Despite the benefits of radiation, prolonged exposure can affect employees and public health. Thus, Pb (lead) shielding has been utilized as an effective mitigation strategy for mitigating the health hazards associated with radiation. Due to its large atomic number and density, Pb is effective for mitigating x-rays and gamma rays. However, even though lead provides protection from radiation it can also affect human health. This research focuses on the effect of the lead pb on employees and public health. The study proposes measures and controls to reduce lead associated health hazards.