Efficiency and responsiveness are widely identified supply chain strategies and capabilities. In most of the supply chain fit literature, a positive relationship between efficient/responsive strategy and performance has been presumed. In this work, we ask whether these strategies are indeed positively related to performance. Specifically, we aim to answer the following research question: are efficient and responsive strategies and capabilities effective in achieving performance improvements? Specifically, we consider the two dimensions of efficiency and responsiveness as directed by the supply chain strategy and indicated by the operational capability. Overall, we find a negative relationship in the efficiency dimension and a positive association in the responsiveness dimension. While the mediation effects are generally supported, the hypothesized moderation effects are partially supported as product type moderates the relationships in a direction opposite from what is suggested in the supply chain fit theory. This work improves our understanding of how strategies in efficiency versus responsiveness can affect firm performance.