This paper proposes an optimization model for manufacturing and remanufacturing production problem  under carbon tax constraint. The production system of this study composed by a manufacturing and remanufacturing units produce one type of product in order to satisfy the random demand under given service level. The two units are subject to random failures and these failure rates are influenced by the variation of production rates. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal production plans of manufacturing and remanufacturing units and the emission carbon amount for each production period by minimizing the total production, inventory, maintenance and carbon tax costs and taking into account the proposed maintenance plan for the remanufacturing machine and respecting the emission tax constraint.