Microorganisms have always been part of the human life both intrinsically and extrinsically. They are ubiquitous and have been a tool for genetic engineering, biotechnology and waste management. Anaerobic digestion is a process that is made possible by specific groups of microorganism which changes substrates into biogas, a renewable energy source. This paper aims to show the microbial community responsible for each stage of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Understanding the microorganisms involved in AD and how process parameters affect them as a key in the optimization of the AD process for a high methane yield and a tool for waste management.