Indonesia has great biodiversity's and genetic resources and essential natural resources due to its utilisation by industry activities as the second-largest megadiversity country. However, industrial activity is identically vulnerable in causing biopiracy continuous use and detrimental to the community. The convention on biological and Nagoya protocol have recognised the protection of biodiversity and genetic resources through accent and benefit-sharing. Of these, Indonesia has ratified two international arrangements supported in protecting biodiversity and genetic resources. In line with the issue, the present study aims to analyse the importance of protecting biodiversity and genetic resources in Indonesia. The result of the study indicated that two reasons underlie the need to preserve biodiversity and genetic resources, i.e., increasing economic value and reasons for moral rights to communities around biodiversity and genetic resources. In conclusion, the legal protection of biodiversity and genetic resources is crucial for Indonesia. As an island nation, Indonesia has a very strategic position with a wealth of natural resources and high endemic species of flora and fauna. The richness of biodiversity and genetic resources includes genetics, species, to a variety of unique ecosystems. In addition, the use of biodiversity and genetic resources in the activities of the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries has increased the economic value that can bring prosperity to the community.

Keywords: Biodiversity, genetic resources, legal protection and genetic resources protection theories.