The urban freight transport (UFT) plays an important role in the quality of life in urban areas. Previously, strategic decisions were taken with a view of economic and functional optimization; they now take the "green" turn, taking also into account the ecological impacts. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to focus on the ecological weight of UFT. First, we present the challenges of green urban freight transport. Secondly, we review the approaches to achieving an ecological balance of the UFT. We develop the methodology used to measure the carbon footprint of the UFT and energy consumption. And then, our case study concerns the flow of goods between all the economic establishments of the city of Fez. The analysis of the results obtained makes it possible to draw a number of conclusions which we will present in the form of recommendations.