National development is a process of change from a particular national situation to a better national condition. The progress of regional development and people's welfare in Indonesia is not always the same. The uneven income  distributions results in disparities between regions. These conditions are caused by differences in geographical conditions, natural resources, infrastructure, social culture, and human resource capacity. Therefore we need a regional development program which are focused on accelerating development in areas where social, cultural, economic, regional finance, accessibility, and infrastructure availability are still lagging behind other regions. This study aims to determine the effect of a number of observation variables on the determination of underdeveloped areas and areas not left behind in Indonesia. The usefulness of this research is to provide recommendations to relevant agencies in making policies. This study uses secondary data collected by the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used is Binary Logistic Regression. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the variable of the percentage of poor people, per capita consumption, life expectancy, average length of schooling, percentage of household electricity users, average distance from the village office to the district office in charge, and percentage of villages with critical land are all influence significantly in  classifying the  underdeveloped areas and not left behind.