Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies offer a multitude of possibilities for the systematic improvement of material and information flow processes in logistics systems. However, the usage of laboratories for the experimental testing and subsequent further development of Industry 4.0 approaches in industrial logistics still can be considered as an underdeveloped subject area in higher education institutions. Based on a problem-based learning approach, this paper investigates the recent literature on teaching and learning laboratories in the context of Industry 4.0 to identify the potential areas of action for an industrial logistics laboratory in the fields of research, academic teaching, and industry-related applications. Moreover, the authors develop a new concept for a module-based laboratory and derive implications for further research and industrial projects.