Calabar as the capital of Cross-river is the most populated city in the state. The present water distribution system, Cross River State Water Board Ltd(CRSWBL) serves an increasing population of over 605,000 persons and more(according to NPC, 2021) posing an increasing water demand. However, there has been no significant improvement made to the water distribution network. An extended period simulation was performed on the CRSWBL distribution network to evaluate its performance with respect to hydraulic head loss, velocity, pressure and nodal demands at different times of the day using WaterCAD and Epanet. According to universal standards, a flow rate with a minimum of 0.15litrepersecond (LPS) as well as a pressure head with a minimum of 15m and a maximum of 70m were used as yardsticks. Areas with flow rates and pressure heads that fell short of these standards were noted. Both software used, WaterCAD and Epanet produced nearly the same outputs with statistically negligible differences. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the performance of the pipe distribution network in Calabar under the current water demand is slightly inefficient in some areas and appropriate approaches were recommended.

Keywords: Water, Demand, Velocity, Pressure, EPANET

Calabar as the capital of Cross-river is the most populated city in the state. The present water distribution system, Cross River State Water Board Ltd(CRSWBL) serves an increasing population of over 605,000 persons and more(according to NPC, 2021) posing an increasing water demand. However, there has been no significant improvement made to the water distribution network. An extended period simulation was performed on the CRSWBL distribution network to evaluate its performance with respect to hydraulic head loss, velocity, pressure and nodal demands at different times of the day using WaterCAD and Epanet. According to universal standards, a flow rate with a minimum of 0.15litrepersecond (LPS) as well as a pressure head with a minimum of 15m and a maximum of 70m were used as yardsticks. Areas with flow rates and pressure heads that fell short of these standards were noted. Both software used, WaterCAD and Epanet produced nearly the same outputs with statistically negligible differences. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the performance of the pipe distribution network in Calabar under the current water demand is slightly inefficient in some areas and appropriate approaches were recommended.

Keywords: Water, Demand, Velocity, Pressure, EPANET

Cyrus Nnaji

Affiliation

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AN EXTENDED PERIOD ANALYSIS OF THE WATER PIPE NETWORK SYSTEM IN CALABAR