Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a foundational system for remote sensing, utilizing radio waves to accurately determine the range, velocity, altitude, and bearing of external targets. This research project aimed to develop a cost-effective and efficient proof-of-concept radar system utilizing accessible components and reflecting established radar principles.The proposed system, designated as an ultrasonic radar for target detection and velocity measurement, was implemented on the Arduino microcontroller platform. It employs an ultrasonic transceiver module to emit a focused 40 kHz ultrasonic pulse. The sensor module is mechanically scanned using a stepper motor across defined angular intervals. Target range is determined through a time-of-flight calculation, measuring the interval between pulse transmission and echo reception. An estimation of the target’s radial velocity is achieved by analyzing the observed shift in the detected signal's position over time, with all spatial and kinematic data synthesized and visualized on a Plan Position Indicator (PPI) display interface.The results demonstrated that the implemented system successfully verified the principles of low-cost ultrasonic radar. It achieved its objectives by reliably detecting both fixed and moving targets and accurately measuring their distance and angular position within the coverage area. In conclusion, this work validates the feasibility of creating an efficient and inexpensive radar demonstrator based on the Arduino platform and ultrasonic technology, offering a robust solution for target detection and basic speed measurement in contexts where traditional radar is cost-prohibitive

Muslim Uddin

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Development of a Real-Time Radial Scanning System for Object Surveillance