This research aims at analyzing the teaching of EFL vocabulary through anticipatory learning strategy. This research was conducted at one of the Islamic Colleges in Indonesia. The subjects were the students of the first semester 2020/2021 academic year. The design of the research was CAR (Classroom Action Research) which was done in two cycles with three meetings for each cycle, using two techniques as anticipatory learning strategy; organizing by words families and organizing by words classes (noun, verb and adjective). The data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and tests. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The result of the research revealed that the application of ALS (anticipatory learning strategy) can develop the students’ vocabulary and can change students’ learning behavior and attitudes in terms of students’ active, enthusiasm, participation, and motivation. Moreover, students’ performance could be improved during the process of action by achieving the setting of passing level in cycle two. The result of quantitative data from cycle one is 52.92% become 87.49% in cycle two. Therefore, anticipatory learning strategy could help students to develop their vocabulary and improve their English proficiency.